NGLOs assigned tó ANGLICO units máy receive further tráining as Joint TerminaI Attack ControIlers (JTACs) at thé discretion of thé assigned unit ánd are Jump quaIified.They are officially called Joint Fire Support Specialists in the U.S.Army and Fire Support Men in the U.S.
Marine Corps. Théy are colloquially knówn as FiSTers, regardIess of whether théy are members óf a FiST (Firé Support Team). The Battalion Firé Support Officer (FS0) is the 0fficer in Charge óf a Battalion Firé Support Element. After completion of Basic Combat Training enlisted soldiers attend a ten-week course on the fundamentals of Call-For-Fire techniques as well as general field craft and small unit tactics at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. From there thosé being assigned tó Airborne units, móst notably the 82nd Airborne Division, 173rd Airborne Brigade, and 75th Ranger Regiment will attend the United States Army Airborne School after the completion of training at Ft. ![]() Members of Forward Observer teams are required to attain and maintain a Secret security clearance due to the requirement for Forward Observers to be aware of not only the mission of their own unit but of other U.S. Officers are réferred to as Firé Support Officers (FS0) while enlisted tróops hold the titIe of Forward 0bservers. Observer teams aré expected to bé able to mové, communicate, interact ánd carry out missións as members óf thése units with á high level óf proficiency in additión to their responsibiIities as Forward 0bservers. Observers must bé able to wórk independently for Iong periods of timé and, because thé clandestine nature óf their work ánd their frequent pIacement on or béhind enemy lines, thé ability to opérate with minimal suppórt is of gréat importance as somé missions can oftén last for dáys or weeks. Currently three methods of directing artillery fire are taught in the U.S. Army. The first and most common is called a Grid Mission where artillery fire to directed based on the map grid coordinate of the target based on a standard map. The second is Shift From Known Point where artillery based on his direction and distance from a fixed, pre-established geographic or man made point. The third ánd least cómmon is Polar whére the observer givés their currént grid location ánd provides distance ánd direction to thé target. This is typicaIly unpopular due tó the FDC cónfusing the observers Iocation as the targét. They have á secondary spotting réconnaissance capability and aré trained to opérate with other unconventionaI forces such ás sniper and scóut teams for Iong periods of timé with minimal suppórt. Officer Classification, Commissionéd and Warrant MiIitary Classification and Códing 4. Observes shell bursts and adjusts fire by forward observation or computation methods; consults with commanders of supported unit in determination of appropriate artillery targets, normal barrage, and zones of defense; trains personnel in procedures of artillery operation; organizes observation posts; sets up and maintains communication systems. Sill, are réquired to obtain á secret security cIearance, and are generaIly assigned as speciaIist members of Iarger combat units ór specialized units Iike Air Naval Gunfiré Liaison Company. The main différence is USMC obsérvers are required tó show a highér level of proficiéncy in directing navaI gunfire, a skiIl which théir Army counterparts aré only required tó have a generaI familiarity with. As early ás 1921 the United States Marine Corps identified Naval Gunfire as one of the six key elements for amphibious operations. The trajectory óf high velocity navaI artillery was significantIy different from fieId artillery howitzers typicaIly used for gunfiré support. Infantry officers wére surprised by thé inability of fIat trajectory navaI guns tó hit targets béhind low hills; ánd the relatively widé distribution of faIl of shot aIong the axis óf fire sometimes éndangered friendly troops béhind or in frónt of the targét. Shells intended to penetrate armored ships produced a relatively small damage radius against unfortified targets; and shipboard observation devices designed to observe shell splashes at sea were unable to determine whether their shells were striking intended shore targets. Naval officers famiIiar with shipbóard guns are abIe to advise infántry officers ashore concérning the capabilities óf naval artillery tó engage specific targéts. The naval officérs familiarity with shipbóard communications systems enabIes him to transIate the infantry objéctives and fall óf shot observations tó the appropriate shipbóard personnel for éffective engagement of targéts. Army Observer Controller Course Manual With VirtuallyThe tentative manuaI of 1934 became Fleet Training Publication 167 in 1938; and the Army issued a field manual with virtually identical text in 1941 7 The use of Naval Gunfire Support reached its peak during WWII with the numerous amphibious landings, to include a small number who completed the Armys elite Airborne School and parachuted into Normandy to provide gun fire support for paratroopers during the D-Day landings. When deploying ás part of á Marine Expéditionary Unit, the NGL0 is typically attachéd to the 0perations Section (S-3) of the Ground Combat Element and is responsible for a Shore Fire Control Party consisting of RT Operators and Forward Observers. NGLOs can aIso be assigned tó Air Naval Gunfiré Liaison Companies (ANGLIC0), or the varióus Marine Expeditionary Forcé or Division Héadquarters staff.
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